1- Beemarestan ( Marestan )

The first hospital in Islam was held in the age of El Walled Eben Abed El Malek 86-96 H / 705_715 AD yet it is likely that it was built for the isolation of (GOZAM patients ).

Then the first hospital of its complete meaning was established in ``Haroun el Rashid ``age ( 170-193H / 786- 809) in bagdad , doctors where brought from the sasani hospital in gond Yaspur in Khozistan .

Ebn Tulun established the first bemarestan in Egypt 259-261 H / also (salah El din el Ayoubi ) established el naseri beemarestan ( 578 H / 1182 AD ) , none of these buildings remained  till now .

Beemarestan established by Kalawon ( 682-684 H / 1284 - 1285 AD) that was attached to his school ,the  grave gives us a clear image of this establishments.

Each disease had a hall ,these were departments for opthalmia surgery , internal diseases , also there was hall for mental diseases with attached small rooms for isolating serious cases .

In addition to a department for a women and an external clinic in which a school medicine with a hall for delivering lectures that was provided with scientific library , this pillared hall situated on the dish in which doctors argue in different cases .While in the external clinic medicines and food were given to the patients in it.

None of these hospital remained , but remainders of large sitting rooms , a part of the eastern large sitting rooms,with a cool fresh water (Salsabil) also a part of the western large sitting room in which was also a fresh cool water( Salsabil ) .

Using these hospitals is still on (modern building) Till now for treating eye diseases in Cairo remainder of Beamarestan of Sultan el Moayed .

El Khan

These buildings were found on the commercial ancient ways yet it were flourished in the islamic age. El khan was found to create a safe place for the merchants and travelers residency in the places exposed to the thieves attacks ,also on the ways in which water lacks are found in distant distances , it is likely that it was a surface surrounded by a fence with a water well that developed with time to become of a significant architectural feature .

The origin of khan is the rest houses held in the Ekhiminian age (560- 330 BC) on the main roads like the road between ( Sardis ) and Susa .Hirodot Pointed to the existence of lot of these buildings in the Bezenti age .

Yet it were diminished due to being established with a dove the palace of coffles is the correct expression could be released on these buildings , as the word Khan is released on buildings that were established for the merchants residency for a period of time as they were able to sell their trade and these buildings in the ancient Arabic provisions the word (House) 

These buildings were held on the commercial ways on distances that are nearly 30 Kilometer ( one day travel) , the umber is determined according to the nature of the way , if mountain , rugged or plain simple .

Khans were not as a place for the rest of the travelers,merchants orpiligrimages yet also a center for exchanging thoughts and deploying doctrines .

the Century Establishing Khans in the 13 th AD in Iran, Syria and in Anadole (Ardman) determined in the beginning of the current century .

Khans in Anadole only . Some times the area around el - Khan to a urban area as what took place to an urban area as what took place around sheikhoun`s Khan.

The word khan appeared for the first time in the Arabic provisions in the provision of establishing el Aqaba`s khan ( 610- 1213 AD ).

The building is composed of rooms for the passengers residency , prayers performers and some time a bath room , also it contained a stable for animals for each kind of it had a special place.

From outside the building appears a cubic shape with the height of 2 floors with towers in the corners and walls were reinforced with shoulders so that the building appear as a castle , it had also a big entrance that leads to a deep entrance hall , upon whose sides were rooms for worship in some time stores for selling some necessary purposes .

The building is composed of a squared big yard with a well , surrounded by rooms as stores and stables in some cases places for serving animals , hall and rooms for the travelers residency .

In some khans we find upper floor reachable by an internal stairs , also khans without internal yards were found in cold areas that are a hall of many particos with carried Knots pillars or columns that had upper holes and in the internal space for wall are sitting spots specified for sleep .

Styles of khans in the islamic world

We find in the beginning of Islam domination in the middle east two examples:

- The first in rectangular spaces opened on the internal dish and prevailed in Iran rapidly fusion in this projection large sitting room on the pivot and the distinguished entrance .

-The second is squared projection with a gallery surrounded by a yard , this example was found in the Mediterranean sea area long ago .

We must refer that khan`s projection differed from an area to another , there is a difference between the Seljukian khan in Iran and Anadole , the aubian khan in Syria , the Mamluki one in Egypt and Syria .

Khans established on the piligrimave`s roads and the khans established by el ilghanioum and the el - safawioun in Iran , also the ones established by the othmani people in small Asia .

In the mamluki jerkasi age trade flourished in the Arabian east , the way between Halab and Cairo is the most important trade road .

Khan in this period was of a rectangular projection without external windows with a water well in it , a gallery surrounded the yard that the knotted rooms are opened on it with a circled cellar or crossed with a mosque and a bath room , the khan had a great gate in lot of cases for example Ayash`s Khan in north Damascus , El - Ahmer Khan in Palestine , the Existence of this style continued till 11 th H century 17 AD.