| Khanka is a Compound word of a
Persian origin , meaning a house for adoration . The first khanka in Islam was established
in nearly (400) Hijria/ 1010 A.D . |
Before this "Zeid Ben Sabra
" in "El- Basra " in Iraq in Caliph "Othman Ben Afan's age -
established the first house for the residency of some Muslims to be devoted to adoration
all day long and the first shape of these buildings which dominated later through the
Islamic world - were not known -"El - Mokdesi " pointed that the Khankas is an
essential part of the religious system prospered in "Kharasan" , "Gorgan
" , "Tabarestan " and in Eastern Jerusalem around Ali Karem's grave and
they had Khankas .
The end of the 4th Hijria / 10th Hijria century is
considered a beginning to the development of "Khankas " with the Sheikhs'
appearance in Naisapur , which was referred to by El- Makrizi, the first half of the 5th
Hijria century / 11th Hijria is considered the establishment and orgnization period since
this period the burial ground was attached to the "Khanka ".
The Sufism's attachment with "El- shafei " faith then to " El-Hanafi "
one led to the rapid and great development outside Iran , the "Slagikans "
established in the third quarter of the 5th Hijria century / 11th H. century , a group of
Khankas in Syria and Damascus .
It is likely that Sufism system came from Iran to Iraq and Syria ,
then it moved in "Salah El- Din El- Aubi 's age" to Egypt as Salah El-
Din established the first Khanka in Egypt which is "Dar Said El- Sa'eda "
in (566) Hijria that was specified for the Sufism . Sufism in origin is an expression ,
the desire of finding the relation between the creator and the creature through piety ,
asceticism , over looking wealth , treasure and spiritual soaring to the
supreme .
The most famous of Sufism is "El-Kaderia " way in
Bagdad for Sheikh " Abd El- Kader El- Gilani " died (561 ) Hijria / (1166
) A.D .
| It is likely that " El- Khanka " system is taken from
" El- Ribat " at where " El- Ribatians " were religiously and
spiritually qualified beside the military training [Al- Emeran Sura ]
Aya (200 ) to defend the Islamic state's borders as " El- Ribat " was on the
borders . " El- Rebat " occured before " El- Khanka " so we find
"El- Monsater's Ribat in Tunis Susa's on Gabes Gulf in North Africa (206 )
Hijria / (821) A.D. |
 |
"El- Khanka's projection does not differ
than the school's , yet, some times the secluded room work in a separate wing , if
the school and Khanka are gathered in one group like what happened in "Barkouk's
school" and Khanka in "El- Nahaseen " as the secluded rooms worked in
four housing units behind the school in the Western side .
In the Othmani age the almshouse was established instead of
Khanka . It differs completely in projection , in assembling and in element sort than the
Khanka.
Almshouse's projection is a yard with a garden and a
fountain , and a Gallery surrounds the yard from four sides that is opened on the
dish with spikes carried on pillars.
 |
The Gallery is covered with small rounded domes.Darwishs' rooms
are organized around the Gallery linked to the circled cellars and a small Mosque and a
drinking fountain is attached to the Almshouse . " |
Sultan Mahmud's
almshouse in El- Habania " (1164) Hijria / (1750) A.D gives us an idea about these
establishments in that age .
It was bury the Darwishs in it in a yard attached to the
building bath rooms as it is in the school , and in Khanka in a lower level than the
building's . |