hankawat In Islam

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Mosque School Minaretes (Muezana) Drinking ( Sabil ) Dish
Khanka&Hospicet
 
Khanka is a Compound word of a Persian origin , meaning a house for adoration . The first khanka in Islam was established in nearly (400) Hijria/ 1010 A.D .

Before this "Zeid Ben Sabra " in "El- Basra " in Iraq in Caliph "Othman Ben Afan's age - established the first house for the residency of some Muslims to be devoted to adoration all day long and the first shape of these buildings which dominated later through the Islamic world - were not known -"El - Mokdesi " pointed that the Khankas is an essential part of the religious system prospered in "Kharasan" , "Gorgan " , "Tabarestan " and in Eastern Jerusalem around Ali Karem's grave and they had Khankas .


   The end of the 4th Hijria / 10th Hijria century is considered a beginning to the development of "Khankas " with the Sheikhs' appearance in Naisapur , which was referred to by El- Makrizi, the first half of the 5th Hijria century / 11th Hijria is considered the establishment and orgnization period since this  period the burial ground was attached to the "Khanka ".

The Sufism's attachment with "El- shafei " faith then to " El-Hanafi " one led to the rapid and great development outside Iran , the "Slagikans " established in the third quarter of the 5th Hijria century / 11th H. century , a group of Khankas in Syria and Damascus .

    It is likely that Sufism system  came from Iran to Iraq and Syria , then it moved in "Salah El- Din El- Aubi 's age" to Egypt   as Salah El- Din established the first Khanka in Egypt  which is "Dar Said El- Sa'eda " in (566) Hijria that was specified for the Sufism . Sufism in origin is an expression , the desire of finding the relation between the creator and the creature through piety , asceticism , over looking wealth , treasure and spiritual   soaring  to the supreme .

     The most famous of Sufism is "El-Kaderia " way in Bagdad for Sheikh " Abd El- Kader El- Gilani " died  (561 ) Hijria / (1166 ) A.D .

It is likely that " El- Khanka " system is taken from " El- Ribat " at where  " El- Ribatians " were religiously and spiritually qualified  beside the military  training  [Al- Emeran Sura ] Aya (200 ) to defend the Islamic state's borders as " El- Ribat " was on the borders . " El- Rebat " occured before " El- Khanka " so we find "El- Monsater's Ribat in Tunis Susa's on Gabes Gulf in North Africa (206 ) Hijria / (821) A.D. 49-8plain.jpg (33347 bytes)


       "El- Khanka's projection does not differ  than the school's , yet,  some times the secluded room work in a separate wing , if the school and Khanka are gathered in one group like what happened in "Barkouk's school" and Khanka in "El- Nahaseen " as the secluded rooms worked in four  housing units behind the school in the Western side .

      In the Othmani age the almshouse was established instead of Khanka . It differs completely in projection , in assembling and in element sort than the Khanka.

      Almshouse's projection is a yard with a garden and a fountain , and a Gallery surrounds the yard from four  sides that is opened on the dish with spikes carried on pillars.

48-9plain.jpg (18502 bytes) The Gallery is covered with small rounded domes.Darwishs' rooms are organized around the Gallery linked to the circled cellars and a small Mosque and a drinking fountain is attached to the Almshouse . "

     Sultan Mahmud's almshouse in El- Habania " (1164) Hijria / (1750) A.D gives us an idea about these establishments in that age .   

     It was bury the  Darwishs in it in a yard attached to the building bath rooms as it is in the school , and in Khanka in a lower level than the building's .   

 

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April-1999
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